Spiritual Abuse in African Contexts: Conceptualisations in Practical Theology

Abstract

This article explores how spiritual abuse is conceptualised within African theological and pastoral contexts, with a strong focus on lived religious experience. It explains that abuse often occurs through the misuse of scripture, prophecy, and pastoral authority to control, shame, or silence individuals. Because religion is deeply embedded in social and cultural life, victims frequently struggle to identify abuse or separate it from “normal” religious discipline. The article emphasises that spiritual harm is often subtle, gradual, and reinforced by community expectations.

It further argues that spiritual abuse cannot be understood in isolation from structural inequalities such as gender inequality, poverty, and patriarchal norms. These dynamics can intensify vulnerability, particularly for women and young people in faith communities. The authors call for theological reform that prioritises dignity, safeguarding, and accountability in ministry practice. They also highlight the need for pastoral training that recognises abuse dynamics and promotes trauma-informed care within African churches.